Democracy and Oligarchy in Classical Greece essays

Democracy and Oligarchy in Classical Greece essays The Classical Greece period in history ran from 480-323 B.E.C. Greece not only includes Athens as its territory but also consisted of many Greek city-states. These city-states were located throughout the eastern Mediterranean. Although, there was distance from the center of Athens to their territories they still exerted continual dominance and collected annual dues from subject states. Athens was an imperial power due to primitive democracy. To successfully control the states, have free open debate of issues, and benefit the commoners of Athens democracy was the better form of government in classical Greece not Oligarchy. In order for Athens to successfully control all states and collect tribute from their subjects, Athens needed to be a strong ruling authority. The Athenian democracy was well built and able to maintain an empire, although Cleon, a representative of Oligarchy, claimed: ... democracy is incapable of empire...your [Athens] empire is a despotism and your subjects disaffected conspirators, whose obedience is ensured not by your suicidal concessions, but by the superiority given you by your own strength and not their loyalty (Cleon, Peloponnesian War, Bk. III). Athenian history proves this statement false. The Athenians had an undefeatable military and men willing to fight for their city, as said by Pericles. Our military training is in many respects superior to that of our adversaries. If then we prefer to meet danger with a light heart but without laborious training, and with courage which is gained by habit and not enforced by law (Pericles Funeral Oration). This speech of Pericles refutes Cleons statement. The people of Athens were loyal and willing to die for their city. Such is the city for whose sake these men nobly fought and died; they could not bear the thought that she [Athens] might be taken from them (Pericles Funeral Oration) ...

marc newson essays

marc newson essays At age 40 Marc Newson has already accomplished many things including; chairs, household objects, a bicycle and a concept car to restaurants, a recording studio and interiors of private and commercial jets, for clients in Europe, North America, Asia and Australia. Newson was born in Sydney, Australia; he spent his childhood years travelling in Europe and Asia. Before graduating in 1984 at Sydney College of the Arts he studied jewellery and sculpture. After 1984 he was awarded a grant from the Australian Crafts Council, (from his work as a student) and staged an exhibition, featuring the Lockheed Lounge, at the Roslyn Oxley Gallery in Sydney. Newson moved to Tokyo (1987 to 1991) after being offered by, Teruo Kurosaki. His work was widely distributed in Europe and Asia. In 1991 Newson set up a studio in Paris. He formed a joint venture, the Ikepod Watch Company, to manufacture the watches he designed, and produced limited editions of aluminium furniture. During the 1990s Newson designed a series of restaurants, a Tokyo recording studio and a retail system for Belgian designer, Walter Von Beirendonck's W. Moving to London in 1997, Newson set up Marc Newson Ltd, for attempting larger projects. He has since designed mass manufactured glassware for Iittala, kitchen and bathroom accessories for Alessi, furniture and household objects for Magis and B Newson has won many awards and exhibited his work widely around the world. He created Bucky, a scul ...

The United States Prohibition of Alcohol Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The United States Prohibition of Alcohol - Essay Example The law of prohibition does not include the consumption and carrying of alcohol. As a result of this prohibition, the era faced a difficult time which was full of social unbalances. The illegal alcohol became the high income commodity that lead to the black marketing business during that period. The business of the racketeer was rising without any limits, in which strong and powerful groups started corrupting the agencies responsible for the enforcement of law. The demand for alcohol got sky high as it showed great potential to get smuggled. The amount required for the enforcement of forbidden law was quite much and there were little revenues generated from the taxes i.e. $500 million collection every year from the whole U.S. that inversely impacted the economy and government exchequers. In 1933, the law of prohibition of alcohol got reversed through the implementation of 21st Amendment in the constitution. The black market group ultimately lost their shares in the illegal activity i n every state of U.S as each state was enjoying the right to place their own developed rules and laws to counter the use of alcohol and the legal stores were introduced to sell the economical priced alcohol. The illicit criminal groups found it difficult to sustain their profits and started the more dangerous criminal activity by dealing in other products like narcotics and drugs. Not just the formal legal control over the use of alcohol, the colonial America had some informal majors of controlling the consumption of liquor at home and social grounds in the community by maintaining the ideals that use of alcohol is bad and not at all acceptable. It was quite clear in the minds of the people that alcohol is from the God but the negative aspects are derived from the devil along. Therefore, anyone found guilty of consuming alcohol will be punished by God and it is condemned at a greater scale. In case of failure for informal controlling techniques, the legal method was used to counter the effects. The violation was no doubt happening in U.S but the normal sobriety of the people reveals the improvement of the controlling system from formal and informal levels for the population that intakes over 3 gallon of alcohol/ person each annum. This statistic is much higher than the current rate of using alcohol. There were some details that were given by the medical experts. Dr Benjamin Rush, a psychiatrist of the 18th century stated that during the period of 1784, that high consumption of (r is harmful for the physical health as well as physiological health. His idea was related to the moderate consumption instead of complete forbidden (Gerritsen 165). Under the influence of the revelation of Benjamin rush, 200 farmers of Connecticut community created an association in 1789. Same kinds of formations were developed in other states like Virginia in 1800 and in network in 1808. In the next ten years, other associations were formed in more than eight states of U.S. out of whi ch there were some that were accepted to the state level. In 1840, the prohibition movement or dry movement was initiated and expanded by the pietistic religious dominations; the most important one was the Methodists (Gann 358). During the years of 1830 and 1840, most of the associations that were formed started believing in the fact that the only way to avoid the state